COMParative methods for the Advancement of Systematic cross-case analysis and Small-n Studies

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Analysis and (fs)QCA software - applications

History

1. BERG-SCHLOSSER, Dirk. "Conditions of Authoritarianism, Fascism and Democracy in Inter-War Europe - A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 39.4 (1998): 335-77.

2. BERG-SCHLOSSER, Dirk, and Lasse CRONQVIST. "Macro-Quantitative Vs. Macro-Qualitative Methods in the Social Science - an Example From Empirical Democratic Theory Employing New Software." Historical Social Research 4.30 (2005): 154-75.

3. BERG-SCHLOSSER, Dirk, and Gisèle DE MEUR. "Reduction of Complexity." Crisis, Compromise, Collapse. Vol. 2 : Authoritarianism and Democracy in Europe, 1919-1939. eds Dirk BERG-SCHLOSSER and Gisèle DE MEUR. London: MacMillan, 2000.

4. BERG-SCHLOSSER, Dirk, and Gisèle DE MEUR. "Reduction of Complexity for a Small-n Analysis: a Stepwise Multi-Methodological Approach." Comparative Social Research 16 (1997): 133-62.

5. BOSWELL, Terry, and Cliff BROWN. "The Scope of General Theory. Methods for Linking Deductive and Inductive Comparative History." Sociological Methods and Research 28.2 (1999): 154-85.

6. BROWN, Cliff, and Terry BOSWELL. "Strikebreaking or Solidarity in the Great Steel Strike of 1919: A Split Labor Market, Game-Theoretic, and QCA Analysis." American Journal of Sociology 100.6 (1995): 1479-519.

7. BRUEGGEMANN, John, and Terry BOSWELL. "Realizing Solidarity: Sources of Interracial Unionism During the Great Depression." Work and Occupations 25.4 (1998): 436-82.

8. CLÉMENT, Caty. State Collapse: a Common Causal Pattern? A Comparative Analysis of Lebanon, Somalia, and the Former-Yugoslavia. Louvain-la-Neuve: Université Catholique de Louvain, 2003.

9. DIERKES, Julian B. "Teaching Portrayals of the Nation - Postwar History Education in the Germanys and Japan.". Princeton University, 2001.
Abstract: My dissertation will examine the postwar construction of national identity in the educational arena in Japan and the Germanys. Data gathered from secondary school history textbooks and curricula will allow me to classify and compare the portrayal of the nation in the three states over the postwar period. Data on the decision-making processes that lead to particular emphases in textbooks and curricula will help me in developing an organizational model of the content of national identity as it is to be taught in the school. Boolean algebra will aid me in selecting causally important factors for the comparative analysis. The analysis will show that institutionalized conceptions of the nation as well as the institutional configuration of actors involved in educational policy decision-making are associated with a number of alternative substantive outcomes. The dissertation will advance the understanding of the role of actors in institutional political sociology and will advance this approach by applying it to a new subfield and new historical cases. The dissertation will also develop methodological tools for the applicability of Boolean algebra to longitudinal comparisons.

10. EDWARDS, Sean J. A. Swarming and the Future of Warfare. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2005.
Abstract: Swarming occurs when several units conduct a convergent attack on a target from multiple axes. In this dissertation the author uses case studies, comparative analysis, and common sense to derive a simple theory that explains the phenomenology of swarming. He researches 23 case studies of swarming, ranging from Scythian horse archers in the fourth century BC to Iraqi and Syrian paramilitaries in Baghdad in 2003, to understand swarm tactics and formations, the importance of pulsing, and the general characteristics of past swarms. He considers command and control, communications, home field advantage, surprise, fratricide, and training. The author identifies five primary variables most important to successful swarming: (1) superior situational awareness, (2) elusiveness, (3) standoff capability, (4) encirclement, and (5) simultaneity. Treating the five variables as binary — either absent or present in a case — he derives 32 possible combinations of these variables that together comprise a “model’ that predicts swarming outcomes based on his theory. He predicts that only six combinations lead to swarm success. The model is tested using a qualitative technique called the comparative method to find patterns of multiple and conjunctural causation. Finally, the author addresses the questions of how swarms can be defeated and whether swarming is relevant for future friendly forces.

11. GLADSTONE, Jack A. "Comparative Historical Analysis and Knowledge Accumulation in the Study of Evolutions." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 41-90.

12. GOEMAN, Jelle. "Grondslagen van de vergelijkende methode: Een statistiche herziening van Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Doctoral dissertation.". Universiteit Leiden, 2001.

13. GOULD, Roger V. "Uses of Network Tools in Comparative Historical Research." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 241-69.

14. GRIFFIN, Larry J., et al. "Comparative-Historical Analysis and Scientific Inference. Disfranchisement in the U.S. South As a Test Case." Historical Methods 30.1 (1997): 13-27.

15. GUAN, Yuqiang. "How Women Won the Vote: The Political Successes of the State Suffrage Movements, 1866-1920 .", 19??
Abstract: This is a study of the conditions under which a social movement is able to overcome powerful opposition to bring about significant political change. It will examine the state-level women's suffrage movements in the decades before and after the turn of the century to understand the circumstances in which movements are successful. In 1869 Wyoming was the first state (then a territory) to grant women suffrage. By 1920 when the l9th amendment was ratified, 33 states had enacted laws giving women one or more forms of partial suffrage, such as the right to vote in presidential or municipal elections, and 15 states (some of which had already enacted partial suffrage) had granted women full suffrage. The primary goal in studying the state suffrage movements is to develop and empirically test a theoretical model of social movement success. Rarely have researchers examined the conditions that lead to movement success defined in terms of political outcomes (as opposed to mobilization or cultural outcomes). For the state suffrage campaigns, political success was the expansion of the vote to women. The theoretical framework combines theories of movement mobilization with theories of the state, hypothesizing that the ability of the suffragists to bring about political change was shaped both by the movements' abilities to mobilize resources and by the social structural opportunities they confronted. Resource mobilization theory suggests that movement success stems from the ability of movement participants to mobilize key resources, including organizations and types of ideologies and strategies. The political process model of movement mobilization suggests that political opportunity structures influence movement effectiveness. Researchers, however, have typically interpreted political opportunity structures to encompass only the effect of actual political structures and processes (e.g., the openness of the polity or electoral instability) on the decisions of state actors to grant the demands of move ments. This research draws from various strands of theories of the state to expand the notion of opportunity structures, theorizing that gendered, economic, and racial opportunity structures also importantly influence the ability of movements to bring about political change. It combines social movement theory and theories of the state to explain social movement success.
This study employs quantitative methods to test the empirical validity of the theoretical model. Event history analysis permits comparison of the state movements and the state contexts in which they operated to explain why some movements failed and others succeeded. Other methods, such as qualitative comparative analysis and recursive regressions, will also be employed to explore the complexities and robustness of the results. The state movements exhibit theoretically important variation (e.g., in terms of organization, strategies, and ideologies), and the contexts in which they operated also vary (e.g., concerning party politics and cultural and economic opposition), thus offering the opportunity for comparative analysis of multiple movements working toward the same general goal, women's suffrage. This historical study will contribute to our understanding of the development of American democracy, and thus will be of value to teachers and students, especially to those who are interested in women's history. However, the scientific results will have much broader value, improving formal models of the success and failure of political movements in general, including modern ones.

16. HALL, Peter A. "Aligning Ontology and Methodology in Comparative Politics." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY, James MAHONEY, and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 373-405.

17. HICKS, Alexander M. "Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Analytical Induction : the Case of the Emergence of the Social Security State." Sociological Methods and Research 23.1 (1994): 86-113 .

18. HICKS, Alexander M., Joy MISRA, and Nah Ng TANG. "The Programmatic Emergence of the Social Security State." American Sociological Review 60.3 (1995): 329-50.

19. KATZNELSON, Ira. "Periodization and Preferences: Reflections on Purposive Action In Comparative Historical Social Science." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 270-303.

20. KITTEL, Bernhard, Herbert OBINGER, and Uwe WAGSCHAL. "Wohlfahrtsstaaten im internationalen Vergleich. Politisch-institutionelle Faktoren der Entstehung und Entwicklungsdynamik." Der “gezügelte” Wohlfahrtsstaat: Sozialpolitik in Australien, Japan, Schweiz, Kanada, Neuseeland und den Vereinigten Staaten. eds Herbert OBINGER and Uwe WAGSCHAL. Frankfurt/M: Campus Verlag, 2000. 329-64.

21. KOO, Jeong-Woo. "Origins of Korean Civil Society. The Private Academies From the 16th to the 19th Century [Research Project].", 2001.

22. MAHONEY, James. "Knowledge Accumulation in Comparative Historical Research: The Case of Democracy and Authoritarianism." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 131-76.

23. ---. "Strategies of Casual Assessment in Comparative Historical Analysis." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY, James MAHONEY, and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 337-72.

24. MAHONEY, James, and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. "Comparative Historical Analysis: Achievements and Agendas." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 3-40.

25. ---, eds. Comparative Historical Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

26. NOMIYA, Daishiro. "Minsyuu no Hanran to Shakai Hendou: Rekishiteki Deita heno Ouyou [Peasants' Rebellion and Social Change: Application [of QCA] to Historical Data]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 79-94.

27. RAGIN, Charles C., Susan E. MAYER, and Kriss A. DRASS. "Assessing Discrimination : a Boolean Approach." American Sociological Review 49.2 (1984): 221-34.

28. RUDEL, Thomas K., and Jill ROPER. "Regional Patterns and Historical Trends in Tropical Deforestation, 1976-1990: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis." Ambio 25.3 (1996): 160-66.

29. RUESCHEMEYER, Dietrich. "Can One or a Few Cases Yield Theoretical Gains." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY, James MAHONEY, and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 305-36.

30. SICAKKAN, Hakan Gürcan. "The Political-Historical Roots of West European Models of Citizen." ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops, Workshop on "??": ECPR, 2000.

31. ---. The Political-Historical Roots of West European Models of Citizen and Alien: an Application of Qualitative Comparative Analysis on Macro Historical Data. Bergen: IMER-Norway/Bergen Publications, 1999.
Abstract: A clarification of the relationship between West European political history and present models of citizen and alien is crucial to understanding better today's mechanisms and processes of new formations of social, economic, and political boundaries. The major hypothesis in this paper is that historical processes of state formation and nation building played a significant role in the emergence of contemporary legal models of citizen and alien. The article aims at documenting that states generated diverse value systems and corresponding legal discourses framing conceptions of phenomena 'citizen' and 'alien' while they opted for creating the 'right' loyalties and identifications in order to secure continuity of their legitimacy. Stein Rokkan's typology of state formation and nation building in Europe is employed for delineating the variation in European political history across countries. Citizenship, immigration, and aliens' laws of eighteen West European countries are used as data sources for representing the variation in European legal conceptions of citizen and alien. Charles Ragin's qualitative comparative method (QCA) is employed as the basic methodological tool for generating a synthetic, combinatorial solution to uncovering the systematic relationship between types of state formation and nation building, and contemporary citizenship laws.

32. SICAKKAN, Hakan Gürcan, and Atilla E. GÜNHAN. "Neural Networks As an Alternative Model in System Identification Paradigm: A Comparison of Statistics, Qualitative Comparative Analysis and Neural Networks As Tools of System Identification." Reports in Information Science (Bergen, Institutt for Informasjonsvitenskap, Universitetet i Bergen) (1995).

33. SKOCPOL, Theda. "Doubly Engaged Social Science: The Promise of Comparative Historical Analysis." Comparative Historical Research. eds James MAHONEY, James MAHONEY, and Dietrich RUESCHEMEYER. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press, 2003. 407-28.

34. TAROHMARU, Hiroshi. "Kenri Nouryoku Ron: Rekishi Gnsyou heno Ouyou [Reconstruction of Ehrlich's Die Rechtsfähigkeit: Application [of QCA] to Historical Phenomena]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 113-29.

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Benoît RIHOUX, Centre de Politique Comparée