COMParative methods for the Advancement of Systematic cross-case analysis and Small-n Studies
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Didactics: Boolean algebra and QCA logic
CCM Textbook
Boolean Algebra
1. ALASUUTARI, Pertti. "Boolen algebra ja radion kuuntelu [Boolean algebra and listening to the radio]." Sosiologia 30.3 (1993): 216.
2. BERG-SCHLOSSER, Dirk, and Gisèle DE MEUR. "Conditions of Democracy in Inter-War Europe. A Boolean Test of Major Hypotheses." Discussion Paper. Centre d'Economie Mathématique et d'Econométrie. Université Libre de Bruxelles (1992).
3. BOOLE, George. An Investigation of the Laws of Thought on Which Are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities . 1854. New York: DOVER Publ, 1958.
4. BOOLE, Georges. The Mathematical Analysis of Logic : Being an Essay Towards the Calculus of Deductive Reasoning. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1847.
5. ---. The Mathematical Analysis of Logic : Being an Essay Towards the Calculus of Deductive Reasoning. 1847. Oxford: Blackwell, 1965.
6. BRAUMOELLER, Bear F. "Causal Complexity and the Study of Politics."
Political Analysis 11.3 (2003): 209-33.
Abstract: The logic of testing theories that posit causal complexity,
or multiple causal paths, has so far been given short shrift in large-N
studies of politics. Such theories are both common and prominent in the
political science literature. In qualitative research, the concept of
complexity and the methodological problems that it poses have been understood
for some time. Formal mathematical models, too, often imply Boolean hypotheses;
although the terms "causal complexity" and "multiple causal
paths" are rarely used to describe them, the basic logic is no different.
To date, however, no one has made a concerted effort to describe how the empirical implications of theoretical models that posit causal complexity could be captured by statistical methods. While occasional quick fixes (e.g., multiplication of independent variables) demonstrate that there is at least an awareness that standard statistical procedures are lacking, no methodology has been specifically tailored to incorporate the logic of complexity. This article proposes a remedy, in the form of new statistical techniques, Boolean logit and probit, designed for use in precisely such situations. The ancillary material includes software that permits users to implement Boolean logit and probit techniques in the statistical packages Stata and R.
7. CARVALLO, Michel. Monographie des treillis et algèbre de Boole. 2ème ed. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1966.
8. ---. Principes et applications de l'analyse booléenne. 2ème ed. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1970.
9. DIAGNE, Souleymane Bachir. Boole. L'oiseau de nuit en plein jour. Paris: Belin, 1989.
10. Drass, Kriss A. QCA 3.0. Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Vers.
3.0. Evanston: Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern
University, 1992.
Abstract: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is a new analytic technique
that uses Boolean algebra to implement principles of comparison used by
scholars engaged in the qualitative study of macro social phenomena. Typically,
qualitatively oriented scholars examine only a few cases at a time, but
their analyses are both intensive -- addressing many aspects of cases
-- and integrative -- examining how the different parts of a case fit
together, both contextually and historically. By formalizing the logic
of qualitative analysis, QCA makes it possible to bring the logic and
empirical intensity of qualitative approaches to studies that embrace
more than a handful of cases--research situations that normally call for
the use of variable-oriented, quantitative methods. Boolean methods of
logical comparison represent each case as a combination of causal and
outcome conditions. These combinations can be compared with each other
and then logically simplified through a bottom-up process of paired comparison.
Computer algorithms developed by electrical engineers in the 1950s provide
techniques for simplifying this type of data. The data matrix is reformulated
as a "truth table" and reduced in a way that parallels the minimization
of switching circuits (see Charles Ragin, The Comparative Method: Moving
Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies). These minimization procedures
mimic case-oriented comparative methods but accomplish the most cognitively
demanding task -- making multiple comparisons of configurations -- through
computer algorithms. The goal of the logical minimization is to represent
-- in a logically shorthand manner -- the information in the truth table
regarding the different combinations of conditions that produce a specific
outcome.
11. DRASS, Kriss A., and Charles C. RAGIN. QCA : a Microcomputer Package for Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Social Data. Evanston: Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, Northwestern University, 1986.
12. DUSA, Adrian. "A Mathematical Approach to the Boolean Minimization
Problem." COMPASSS Work Paper 2007-46.
Abstract: Any minimization problem involves a computer algorithm. Many
such algorithms
have been developed for the boolean minimizations, in diverse areas from
computer science to social sciences (with the famous QCA algorithm).
For a small number of entries (conditions in the QCA) any such algorithm
will
find a minimal solution, especially with the aid of the modern computers.
However,
for a large number of conditions a quick and complete solution is not
easy to find
using an algorithmic approach, due to the extremely large space of possible
combinations to search in. In this article I will demostrate a simple
alternative solution, a mathematical
method to obtain all possible minimized prime implicants.
This method is not only easier to understand than other complex algorithms,
but
it could prove to be a faster method to obtain an exact and complete boolean
solution.
13. ---. "User Manual for the QCA(GUI) Package in R." Journal of Business Research (forthcoming).
14. FISS, Peer C. "COMPASSS Working Paper 2004-24: Towards a Set-Theoretic
Approach for Studying Organizational Configurations.", 2004.
Abstract: I argue that research on organizational configurations has been
limited by a mismatch between theory and methods. While configurational
theory stresses nonlinearity, synergistic effects, and equifinality, empirical
research has largely drawn on methods that assume linearity, additive
effects, and unifinality. I introduce set-theoretic methods as a viable
alternative for overcoming this mismatch. Set-theoretic methods conceptualize
cases as combinations of attributes and use Boolean algebra to derive
simplified expressions of combinations that lead to a specific outcome.
I demonstrate the value of such methods for studying organizational configurations
and discuss their applicability for examining equifinality and limited
diversity among configurations.
15. ---. " A Set-Theoretic Approach for Studying Organizational
Configurations." COMPASSS Working Paper 2005-30, Re-Worked Version
of the WP2004-24.
Abstract: I argue that research on organizational configurations has been
limited by a mismatch between theory and methods. While configurational
theory stresses nonlinearity, synergistic effects, and equifinality, empirical
research has largely drawn on methods that assume linearity, additive
effects, and unifinality. I introduce set-theoretic methods as a viable
alternative for overcoming this mismatch. Set-theoretic methods conceptualize
cases as combinations of attributes and use Boolean algebra to derive
simplified expressions of combinations that lead to a specific outcome.
I demonstrate the value of such methods for studying organizational configurations
and discuss their applicability for examining equifinality and limited
diversity among configurations.
16. FLAMENT, Claude. L'analyse booléenne de questionnaire. Paris: Mouton, 1976.
17. FROGNIER, André-Paul. "Postface." L'analyse quali-quantitative comparée (AQQC-QCA). Approche, techniques et applications en sciences humaines. Gisèle DE MEUR and Benoît RIHOUX. Louvain-la-Neuve: Academia-Bruylant, 2002. 145-46.
18. HARRISON , Michael A. Introduction to Switching and Automata Theory . ??: Mc Graw Hill Book Company, 1965.
19. HASEGAWA, Keiji. "Muzyun wo hukumu Gyou no Mondai [Problems of the Row that contains Contradiction]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 189-207.
20. HOLLINGSWORTH, Rogers, et al. "The Effect of Human Capital and State Intervention on the Performance of Medical Systems." Social Forces 75.2 (1996): 459-84.
21. HUANG, Teh-yi. "State Preferences and International Institutions: A Boolean Analysis of China's Use of Force and South China Sea Territorial Disputes." APSA 2003 Annual Meeting: 2003.
22. INABA, Akihide. "Enzyo Koudou wo Sokusin/Yokusei suru Zyouken : Meta Bunseki heno Ouyou [Application of Boolean approach to Meta Analysis : Using Helping Behavior Data]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 130-47.
23. JANSSENS, Rudi. "A Boolean Approach to the Measurement of Group Processes and Attitudes. The Concept of Integration As an Example." Mathematical Social Sciences (1999).
24. ---. "Evolutie van waardepatronen i.v.m. genderrelaties bij Turkse en Marokkaanse vrouwen in België." Diversiteit in sociale verandering. Turkse en Marokkaanse vrouwen in België. ed. Ron LESTHAEGHE. Bruxelles: VUB Press, 1996. 283-312.
25. ---. "Genderrelaties bij Turkse en Marokkaanse migrantenvrouwen in evolutief perspectief." Working Papers 'Ethnische Minderheden in België' .2 (1996): 1-47.
26. ---. "Structuring Complex Concepts." Recent Progress in Mathematical Psychology, Psychophysics, Knowledge, Representation, Cognition, and Measurement. eds C. DOWLING, F. ROBERTS, and Peter THEUNS. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998. 17-32.
27. KANOMATA, Nobuo. "Buuru Daisuu Bunseki no Enzan [The Algorithm of Boolean Analysis]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 19-40.
28. ---. "Yogen no Jikozyouzyu Moderu [A model of Self-Fulfilling Prophecy]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001.
29. KANOMATA, Nobuo, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA, eds. Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001.
30. ---. "Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki toshiteno Buuru Daisuu Apurouchi [Boolean Approach as Qualitative Comparative Analysis]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 3-13.
31. KAZUTO MISUMI. "Distribution of Role Images and the Role Discrimination (Yakuwari Imeji Bunpu to Yakuwari Shikibetsu)." Social Analysis (Shakai Bunseki) 27 (2000): 37-51.
32. KOGUT, Bruce. "The Transatlantic Exchange of Ideas and Practices: National Institutions and Diffusion." Les Notes de l'IFRI 26.3 (2000): 7-46.
33. KOSAKA, Kenji. "Tasks of Sociologists in Asia Pacific Societies."
5th Conference of the Asia Pacific Sociological Association (APSA): 2002.
Abstract: The paper was read as the Presidential Address at the fifth
conference of the Asia Pacific Sociological Association held in Brisbane,
Australia, July 4-7, 2002. The title of the conference itself was “Asia
Pacific Societies: Contrasts, Challenges and Crises.” The paper
classifies sociological studies into four types by cross-tabulating the
two dimensions of research strategy (generalizing versus historical) and
purposes of comparisons (between nations versus within nations). I stressed
the importance of types of studies with a generalizing strategy, which
is least developed in Asia Pacific societies, by illustrating my own preliminary
efforts to use Boolean algebra in my study of homeless people who are
increasing in contemporary Japan.
34. KOSTADINOVA, Petia. "Membership in the European Union: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions (Boolean Analysis Based on the European Commission Reports on Eastern Europe)." Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association: 2003.
35. LEIBNITZ, Godefroid Guillaume. Oeuvre mathématique autre que le calcul infinitésimal, Fasc 1: arithmétique, Algèbre, Analyse suivi de la dissertation sur l'art combinatoire de Leibnitz et de la Machine arithmétique de Blaise Pascal . Paris: Librairie A. Blanchard, 1986.
36. LEIBNITZ, Gottfried Willhelm. "Explication de l'arithmétique linéaire. Communication à l'Académie des Sciences de Paris. Opera Omnia. Genèse." , 1768.
37. LESTHAEGHE, Ron. "Beyond Economic Reductionism : the Transformation of the Reproductive Regimes in France and Belgium in the 18th and 19th Centuries." Fertility Transitions, Family Structure and Population Policy. ed. Calvin GOLDSCHNEIDER. Boulder & San Francisco: Westview Press, 1992. 1-44.
38. LESTHAEGHE, Ron, et al. "Post-Partum Abstinence, Polygyny, and Age at Marriage : a Macro-Level Analysis of Sub-Saharian Societies." Nuptiality in Sub-Saharian Africa. eds C. BLEDSOC and G. PISON. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. 25-54.
39. LOIZIDES, Neophytos G. "Why Nationalism Succeeds or Fails: A Boolean Test of Major Hypotheses in Greece and Turkey (1983-2003)." Canadian Political Science Association Annual Conference.
40. LUOMA, Pentti. "Boolen analyysi laadullisessa tutkimuksessa [Boolean analysis in qualitative research]." Sosiologia 30.3 (1993): 212-15.
41. MCCLUSKEY, Edward J. Introduction to the Theory of Switching Circuits. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966.
42. ---. "Minimization of Boolean Functions ." The Bell System Technical Journal 35 (1956): 1417-44.
43. MENDELSON, Elliott. Boolean Algebra and Switching Circuits Schaum'Soutline Series in Mathematics . ??: Mc Graw Hill book company, 19??
44. ---. Theory and Problems of Boolean Algebra and Switching Circuits. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1970.
45. MISUMI, Kazuto. "Boolean Approach and Elaboration (Bool Daisu Apurochi to Eraboreishon)." Toward Neoclassical Sociology Through Formalization. Working Papers, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research. ed Kazuto MISUMI. 2002. 267-76.
46. ---. "A Boolean Model of Role Discrimination." Journal
of Mathematical Sociology 26.1-2 (2002): 111-21.
Abstract: This paper analyzes, based on Boolean approach by C.C.Ragin,
how the subjective internal structures of social roles condition the possibility
of role discrimination. I postulate, in an individualfs image, a role
consists of some role elements, which construct an internal hierarchical
structure (role image) depending on each elementfs contribution to the
role discrimination as a whole. Then the role discrimination is formulated
as a Boolean equation, taking the role elements as independent variables
and the role discrimination itself as a dependent variable. Suppose a
role X, and a performer who has image Xf and an observer who has image
Xh communicate ea ch other. In general, between such two given actors,
X can be discriminated by an observer under the condition that XfXh equals
to Xh, or at least th at XfXh and Xh share one or more Boolean products;
however, X is never di scriminated otherwise. At first, I take a simple
case of two elements and examine the possibility of role discrimination
for all possible combinations of images. After that, some general propositions
as to the possibility of role discrimination, that hold regardless of
the number of role elements, are derived.
47. ---. A Formal Theory of Roles. Fukuoka: Hana-Syoin, 2007.
48. ---. "Shakai-Chosa ni okeru Fukusu-Kaito no Ronri. (The Logic of Multi-responses in Social Research: Exploration by Boolean Approach.) ." Bulletin of Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies,Kyushu University (Hikaku Shakai Bunka) 8 (2002): 57-65.
49. ---. "Two Levels of Dyscommunication: an Analysis by Boolean
Role Model
." 4th Conference of the Asia Pacific Sociological Association: Asia
Pacific Sociological Association, 2000.
Abstract: This paper analyzes, based on Boolean model of social role,
how the subjective internal structures of roles condition the dyscommunication
between actors. We postulate that a role consists of some role elements
in an individual¹s image. Suppose a role X, and also suppose a performer
who has image X¹ and an observer who has image X². In general,
X can be discriminated by an observer under the condition that X¹X²
equals to X², or at least that X¹X² and X² share one
or more Boolean sum of products. The first order dyscommunication occurs
when one or more role elements are not shared between subgroups of actors.
Taking a simple model of two elements, we examine the cases in which this
type of dyscommunication occurs. Even if each subgroup enrolls the different
elements in the definition of role X respectively, actors might be confronted
with the second order dyscommunication. Being a set of role elements commonly
shared among actors does not mean everyone have same type of image; so
that, the condition mentioned above may not be satisfied in some combinations
between types. We examine such cases based on the extended three elements¹
model. An implied situation of this study is intercultural communication,
as well as international marriage increasing in rural area of Japan.
50. MISUMI, Kazuto. "Two Levels of Dyscommunication: an Analysis
by Boolean Role Model
." Sociological Theory and Methods 16.2 (2001): 229-43.
51. MISUMI, Kazuto. "Yakuwari Riron Moderu [A Model of Role Theory]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001.
52. MOHR, John W. "Measuring Meaning Structures." Annual Review of Sociology 24 (1998): 345-70.
53. NOMIYA, Daishiro. "Buuru Daisuu Apurouchi to Toukeiteki Shuhou [Boolean Approach and Statistical Method]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 42-57.
54. ---. "Minsyuu no Hanran to Shakai Hendou: Rekishiteki Deita heno Ouyou [Peasants' Rebellion and Social Change: Application [of QCA] to Historical Data]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 79-94.
55. POPPER, Karl R. Conjectures et réfutations. 1963. Paris: Payot, 1985.
56. QUINE, W. V. "The Problem of Simplifying Truth Functions." American Mathematical Monthly 59 (1952): 521-31.
57. RAGIN, Charles C. "Préface." L'analyse quali-quantitative comparée (AQQC-QCA). Approche, techniques et applications en sciences humaines. Gisèle DE MEUR and Benoît RIHOUX. Louvain-la-Neuve: Academia-Bruylant, 2002. 11-14.
58. ---. Shakai Kagaku ni okeru Hikaku Kenkyuu: Sitsuteki Bunseki to Keiryouteki Bunseki no Tougou ni mukete [Japanese translation of : The comparative method. Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies (1987)]. translators [chief translator : N. Kanomata] Nobuo KANOMATA, et al. Kyoto: Mineruva syobo, 1993.
59. RIHOUX, Benoît. "Comparing the Organizational 'Transformation' of Green Parties." ECPR 2001 General Conference, Panel on "Green Parties": ECPR, 2001.
60. ---. "Een diepgaande toepassing van QCA : de verklaring van de organisationële "transformatie" van Groene partijen in Westeuropa." Doctorandusseminarie, Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, KULeuven: Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen, KULeuven, 2001.
61. ---. "Les partis écologistes en Europe : un cas d'école pour l'analyse du changement dans les organisations partisanes." Conférence des Lundis du CEVIPOF (Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, CNRS) 2000-2001, "Les partis politiques en France et en Europe", session "Les partis écologistes en France et en Europe": CEVIPOF (Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, CNRS), 2001.
62. ---. Les partis politiques : organisations en changement. Le test des écologistes. Coll. Logiques Politiques. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2001.
63. ---. "Pourquoi les organisations changent-elles? Analyse d’un “cas d’école”: les partis écologistes en Europe." Séminaire de recherche du Laboratoire d'Analyse des Systèmes de Communication d'Organisation (LASCO): UCL, 2001.
64. ---. "Towards a Realist Theory of Change in Institutionalizing Party Organizations: the Green Test Case.", 2001.
65. ---. "La transformation de l'organisation des partis écologistes en Europe Occidentale. Contribution à une théorie du changement partisan.". Université catholique de Louvain, 1999.
66. SCHNEIDER, Carsten Q., and Claudius WAGEMANN. Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) und Fuzzy Sets. Ein Lehrbuch für Anwender und jene, die es werden wollen. Opladen & Farmington Hills: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2007.
67. SCHROEDER, Michael. "A Brief History of the Notation of Boole's Algebra." Nordic Journal of Philosophical Logic 2.1 (1997): 41-62.
68. SURKYN, Johan. "Social Integration of Ethnic Minorities : Indicators at the Family Level." Paper, 1998.
69. TAROHMARU, Hiroshi. "Boolean analysis with multi-value variables
as independent variables." 4th Conference of the Asia Pacific Sociological
Association: Asia Pacific Sociological Association, 2000.
Abstract: Qualitative comparative analysis with Boolean algebra developed
by Charles C. Ragin is not only a comparative method for international
comparison, but also a method for the formalization of sociological concepts
and theories. Though this method has merits, of course it also has demerits.
One of the demerits is that this method cannot take independent variables
other than 2-value variables. The aim of this paper is to remedy this
limitation, namely to advance a new Boolean Analysis with multi-value
variables as independent variables.
70. ---. "Kenri Nouryoku Ron: Rekishi Gnsyou heno Ouyou [Reconstruction of Ehrlich's Die Rechtsfähigkeit: Application [of QCA] to Historical Phenomena]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001. 113-29.
71. ---. "Tachi Hensuu no Buuru Daisuu Bunseki [Boolean Analysis to Multi-Nominal Variables]." Shituteki Hikaku Bunseki [Qualitative Comparative Analysis]. eds Nobuo KANOMATA, Daishiro NOMIYA, and Keiji HASEGAWA. Kyoto: Mineruva Syobo, 2001.
72. TAROHMARU, Hiroshi, and Sigeto TANAKA. "Boolean Analysis with
Multi-value Variables as Independent Variables (in Japanese)." Oosaka-Daigaku
Ningen-Kagaku-Bu Kiyou (Bulletin, Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University)
.March (1997): 169-83.
Abstract: Qualitative Comparative Analysis with Boolean algebra which
was developed by Charles C. Ragin is not only a comparative method for
intemational comparison, but also a method which has many other applications.
Though this method has some merits, of course, it has some demerits also.
One of the demerits is that this method cannot take independent variables
other than 2-value variables. The aim of this paper is to remedy this
limitation, namely to advance a new Boolean Analysis with multi-value
variables as independent variables.
73. THEUNS, Peter. "A Boolean Approach to Hierarchical Data Analysis.", 1999.
74. ---. "Building a Knowledge Space Via Boolean Analysis of Co-Occurence Data." Recent Progress in Mathematical Psychology, Psychophysics, Knowledge, Representation, Cognition, and Measurement. eds C. DOWLING, F. ROBERTS, and Peter THEUNS. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1998.
75. ---. "A Dichotomization Method for Boolean Analysis of Quantifiable Co-Occurence Data." Contributions to Mathematical Psychology, Psychometrics, and Methodology. eds Gerhard H. FISCHER and Donald LAMING. New York: Springer Verlag, 1994. 389-402.
76. ---. "Dichotomization Methods in Boolean Analysis of Co-Occurence Data : Applications in Psychopathology, Organizational Psychology, Socio-Economic Research and Knowledge Theory.". Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1992.
77. ---. "Predicting an Optimal Threshold in Boolean Analysis of Questionnaires." Mathematical Psychology in Progress. ed. Edward E. ROSKAM. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1989. 329-43.
78. VAN BUGGENHAUT, Jean. "Questionnaires booléens : schémas d'implication et degrés de cohésion." Mathématiques et Sciences Humaines .98 (1987): 9-20.
79. VAN BUGGENHAUT, Jean, and Eric DEGREEF. "On Dichotomisation Methods in Boolean Analysis of Questionnaires." Progress in Mathematical Psychology. eds Edward E. ROSKAM and Reinhard SUCK. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1987. 447-53.
80. WARNES, Richard. "A Boolean Approach to Qualitative Comparison.", 2004. 5 pp.
Last modified: 09-Oct-2007
Benoît RIHOUX, Centre de Politique Comparée
Gisèle
DE MEUR, Lab.
de recherche en MAThématiques et sciences humaines
Afdeling
Arbeids- en Organisatiesociologie
Peter BURSENS,
Onderzoeksgroep
Internationale Politiek